Mitt Romney: Strip Mining The US EconomySo Newt Gingrich’s allies have funded a movie attacking Mitt Romney’s record at Bain Capital, called “When Mitt Romney Came To Town.” You can watch it here. It scratches the surface and shows a lot about the toll that Bain Capital took on the people who worked for the companies that Bain would purchase. It’s worth viewing. But I wanted to delve into a bit more detail about what private equity is, how it works, and why it bears so little resemblance to what people think of as building a business. Private equity, fueled by massive debt, is much more akin to strip mining than to growing a business. And it is fueled by the easy money available from the Federal Reserve. So I think it’s worth taking a moment to understand it, and how it applies to Mitt Romney’s record as a businessman, a record that is mixed at best. Private equity generally buys companies by way of a mechanism called an LBO, which stands for “Leveraged Buy Out”. This is not significantly different from how a person might by a small business normally. As the buyer, you would make your down payment, and use a bank to borrow money using all the hard assets of the business as collatoral. Finally, you would obtain a note from the seller for the remainder of the business. Obtaining a note from the seller is necessary because few parties if anybody will loan money against the future cash flows of a business. And the buyer needs some assurances that the business is functioning as presented by the seller. Therefore, making the seller take a note puts him in a positon where he loses if he’s lying about the cash flows of the business, and he has every interest to make sure the business is running profitably after he’s gone. Finally, oftentimes a bonus will be paid to the seller if certain financial milestones are met after the transactions take place. That bonus is called an “earnout”. When a private equity firm buys a company, they will utilize all of these methods as well, but they have access to much deeper reservoirs of cash, which affords them the opportunity to outbid other potential buyers. Buyers tend to come in two varities, financial and strategic. A financial buyer is someone like a private equity firm. Their interest is in the cash flows of the enterprise. A strategic buyer, on the other hand, typically is already in the same business or an adjacent business as the company that is for sale. Under normal circumstances, a strategic buyer should be able to offer the highest price for a company, because they will integrate the new company’s product lines into their own, and cut out nearly all the management and overhead. Moreover, they strategic buyer will often need to make the purchase in order to be competitive in their industry, which can incent them to bid even higher for the company being sold. So why does a financial buyer such a private equity firm even have a chance? The answer, I’m afraid, stems from loose money flowing from the Federal Reserve spigot. Here’s how it works: The private equity firm issues bonds to conduct the buyout. These bonds are underwritten by the major banks, the ones with the free access to the Fed spigot. These banks have asset to loan ratios that they need to maintain, and they also are “too big to fail”. The loan ratio limits how many loans they can make, which incents them to make the highest yield loans they can possibly find (and ironically, eschew loans that are more conventional, safer bets). And because they are too big to fail, they worry little about the consequences in loading up on these risky loans. Not that they want to fail, but having that backstop makes them feel like they can take risks that they would not otherwise take. So the banks find buyers for the bonds, and buy the remainding bonds themselves. Because these bonds are incredibly risky (because the financial buyer is likely overpaying for the comapany) they pay astronomical interest rates. In polite parlance, these bonds are termed “high yield”. In common parlance, they are called “junk”. So using these bonds, the private equity firm acquires the company. But they still have money stuck in the company. So they do something that would never be possible for a small business to do: they take on more debt in order to pay themselves a dividend. In technical parlance this is called a “dividend recap”. In common parlance, it’s called “completely insane.” Can you imagine being a small business owner, say with a small chain of restaurants, or a couple of gas stations, what have you, and asking the bank to loan your business money so that you can take your own equity out? Every small business owner knows full well what kind of reaction they would get from the bank. That’s because the small business owner is dealing with a bank that is not “too big to fail”. And if they are dealing with a bank that large, they still won’t take on that kind fo risk for a penny ante player. So how does the private equity firm do it? Well, part of how they do it is by cutting fat They call in the consulting firms of the world, names such as Bain, Boston Consulting Group, and McKinsey, to come in and find fat to cut. Since no business in the world operates at 100% efficiency, they invariably find some, which generates more cash flows to borrow against. But that’s not the whole story. Invariably, they mess with the company’s product pipeline. In a normal company, products have a certain life cycle. It goes something like this: in conception the company spends money on research and development, while earning no money from the product, only earning money from older products. They launch the new product, which is priced high to recoupe development costs. Over time, the price drops as the cost of producing the product drops, and the volume of sales increases. Profits increase as well, as the product goes mainstream. But then, the product becomes commonplace, copy cats are out in the market, and with increased competition sales drop, as do prices. Eventually, the product dies. If you’ve managed your product pipeline correctly, you will have a new product coming out before your existing product begins dieing its natural death, and you will have steady increasing profits over time. Companies like Apple and Gillette are masters at this sort of thing. If you fail, then your company may die, and a rival company will take your place. This process, of replacing old products with new products, was described by Josef Schumpeter as “creative destruction”. But if you’re looking to do a dividend recap, then you need to find additional cash flows with which to pay the back the money you’re borrowing. So if you’ve already cut out all your fat, you now need to start cutting muscle. And there are two sources for this: you can degrade the quality of your current product lines by cutting corners, or you can cut R&D for future products, or both. Either way, what you wind up doing is juicing the numbers today at the expense of future productivity. Farmers might call this “eating one’s seed corn”. Now sometimes, shenanigans like this occur at the small business level as well. A business owner looking to sell his business “juices” his numbers by cutting out repair and maintenance expenses, in the hopes he can sell his business for slightly more than it’s worth by faking a higher profit margin that he really has. But to be sure, no small business owner cuts his own repairs and maintenance with the hopes of retaining ownership in his business. It’s just not a long term strategy for success. In the private equity world, some number of companies so abused by the methods described above do in fact survive. Those companies reap enormous rewards for their private equity owners. This is more common in good times than in bad, of course. But nevertheless, it does happen. But what concerns people is what happens when times aren’t so good, when the enormous risks taken do not in fact pay off. Corporate bonds are typically issued for 5 years, after which time they must be paid back. Now a company that is levered by 70-80% is not going to be able to pay back that much in 5 years. So they are accepting a refinancing risk when they issue the bonds. That is, they are risking that they can roll over their debt at the end of the five year period. Their chances may be quite good if times are good in 5 years, or they could be poor. But this is the risk that companies owned by private equity firms take. As time progresses, the bank holding the company’s debt will make a judgment call as to whether or not it thinks the debt can be refinanced. Based on this and its own portfolio management strategy, they may offload their bonds onto other parties. In polite company these parties are typically called “foreigners” and “municipal pension funds”. In common parlance, they are known as “suckers”. But they may also be another kind of private equity firm, one that behaves as more of a vulture. This second kind of private equity firm loves to buy up distressed debt. They too are making a judgment call, as to whether or not the company is likely able to refinance its debt, and whether or not the private equity firm that owns it is likely to walk away from the company it owns and let it slide into bankruptcy. They are also making a judgment that the assets of the company are worth more than the price of the debt on the open market. If it is, then they buy in. Let’s use some concrete numbers to illustrate. Say a small manufacturing company is owned by a private equity firm. They are purchased for $100 million. They have assets in the form of their factory and inventory worth $25 million. And they are levered by the private equity firm for $75 million. While the bonds have a face value of $75 million, they are heavily discounted by the market, which believes are unlikely to be able to be refinanced or paid back. So the second private equity firm buys on the open market for a steep 80% discount. If you do the math, you will note that they paid $15 million for a debt worth $75 million, backed by a company with $25 million in hard assets. If the company goes bankrupt, the new private equity firm will have earned at least a 60% profit on the deal, for essentially doing nothing, just for selling off the equipment. Not that they will always opt for this route. Sometimes they will in fact endeavor to turn the company around, and sell the company for the $100 million that it was worth at one time. But that entails more risk, risk that the firm may just not want to take on. As you can see, it is entirely inappropriate to describe the process outlined above as “creative destruction”. In a scenario of creative destruction, there is some creation occurring that is causing the destruction: the iPhone kills the iPod, the Fusion kills the Mach III. But here, there is no creation going on whatsoever. Just reckless risk taking that didn’t pay off. It is inconcievable that the economy as a whole is benefitted by overlevering profitable, working companies, and then selling the carcasses off to vultures for a profit. It’s not creative destruction, but just plain destruction. Or “destructive destruction” if you will. To be sure, Mitt Romney’s record appears to be a mixed one. He did some venture capitalism early in his career. In particular his investment in Staples appears to be a true example of creative destruction, causing the demise of many smaller stationary stores. And even in his private equity investing, he surely wasn’t the worst of the bunch. From what I’ve read, he appeared to be the private equity guy with a conscience as opposed to the soulless villian. Think Darth Vader instead of Voldemort. Still, I have trouble wanting to vote for Darth Vader, no matter how effective he was a blowing up Alderan. The point here though is much larger than any one candidate. The point is that allowing for loose money from the Fed, coupled with a corporate income tax system that encourages firms to lever up, overlaid onto an economy that still has plenty of manufacturing assets to be sold off, run and operated by a banking class that seems incredibly dishonest is a recipe for looting every last bit of manufacturing out of the US economy. And it is that that we should be concerned about if we are to survive and prosper into the future. |
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Why Mitt Romney is Completely UnacceptableIn my earlier post detailing the Republican candidates for the nomination, I didn’t say some things about Romney that I meant to. So consider this post a further declaration of why Romney is unfit to be the nominee. Should he get the nomination, and I think he likely will, then I will be casting my vote for Libertarian Gary Johnson.
I am going to address Mitt Romney’s record at Bain in another blog post. But suffice it to say, it bears little relation to capitalism or even creative destruction as commonly understood. But that is a long post unto itself. Suffice it to say that Mitt Romney is not the guy we should have standing up and defending capitalism either. UPDATE: Clearly Squared brings up Shannon O’Brien, whom I forgot to mention previously. Everyone should understand that Mitt Romney only ever became governor of Massachusetts because the Democrat nominee, Shannon O’Brien, was a townie who literally was offering to show off her tattoos on the campaign trail. In other words, Romney only won in Massachusetts because the Democratic nominee imploded, not because the state ever really liked Mitt. Furthermore, once elected, Romney was such an asshole in office that mayors and town managers soon refused to take his calls, requiring Romney to hire an ambassador of sorts to communicate with the cities and towns of the state. Remember that when you cast your vote as well. |
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The Republican RaceI think I’ve figured out what’s going on. What we have is a three way race between the libertarian wing of the party, the religious wing of the party, and the asshole wing of the party, otherwise known as the establishment. Ron Paul is the libertarian in the race. He was hoping to bridge the gap between the libertarians and the religionists by virtue of his libertarian policies and personal religious conviction. Unfortunately, the religionists seem to be demanding a candidate who begins every sentence with reference to God and/or family. Hence the rise of Rick Santorum. However, Santorum makes no bones about his disdain for the libertarian wing of the party and their policies, and hence is incapable of attracting their votes. Romney represents the wing of the party that is bought and paid for by crony capitalist lobbyists. He is unacceptable to the majority of the grassroots. He is still the likely nominee. One question remains: can a fusion candidate emerge in time to unite the libertarians and religionists to defeat Romney? This is why Rick Perry is staying in the race. Also Gingrich I suppose. I would guess that it is possible for one of them to emerge and unite the base against Romney, but time is running out. I still think Romney will be the nominee, but anything is possible. |
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Predictions 2012Let’s just get right to it: Q: Who will be the Republican nominee for President: Q: Who will win the apparent Romney-Obama matchup? Q: What will the electoral map look like? Q: Will the Euro survive 2012? Q: Will Scott Brown win re-election? Q: Who will Ron Paul endorse in the general election? Q: What percentage of the vote will Gary Johnson get in 2012? Q: Will SOPA pass and be put in to law? Q: Will the next major terrorist attack be carried out by Americans against their own government? Q: What price will Bitcoins be in $US at year end? |
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Predictions 2011 RevisitedI should revisit the things I predicted in 2011. What will the official unemployment rate be on December 31, 2011? Q: What will the official unemployment rate be on December 31, 2011? Q: Where will the Dow close at next year? Q: Will Apple’s new Verizon iPhone be 3G or 4G? Q: Name the top three candidates the Republican establishment will back for the 2012 Presidential nomination: Q: Name the top three Republicans the Tea Party will get behind for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination: Q: Will an Android Tablet catch up to the iPad in sales this year? Q: Name three things that will jump the shark in 2011: Q: Will the home market enter a double dip recession next year? Will it recover? Q: Will we be out of the recession next year, from a colloquial, average man on the street point of view? Q: Will I become a father again in 2011? I’ll post some new predictions in a bit. |
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Home brewed christmas beer, a spiced Baltic porter
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The Republican CandidatesEvery four years since starting this blog, I’ve done a rundown of the presidential candidates before the first primary/caucus votes are cast. So it’s time to maintain that tradition, giving you my opinion and recommendations. This year, there are only Republicans running in the primary, so that is who we will run down. This election year we may wind up seeing third party candidates run, and if the Republicans nominate a dope, then those third party candidates may deserve a close look. But for now, we’ll just stick to the Republicans. I’ve been debating whether or not to include dropout Herman Cain in this analysis, and I guess I’ll include him at the end if I have enough time. Otherwise, it’s on to the candidates. I’m addressing them in roughly the order of their appearance in recent polling data: Willard Mitt Romney: Mitt Romney has been the presumptive nominee for some time, and given Republicans propensity to nominate the guy next in line, it would be foolhardy to dismiss Romney’s chances at securing the nomination. Having said that, it is my opinion that Romney would be a disaster for the party if nominated, and would likely lose handily to President Obama. There are two main issues that this campaign will hinge on: 1) Obama’s handling of the economic crisis and failure to take us out of it, and 2) Obamacare. One may even argue that Obamacare should be #1 because it was Obama’s signature legislative achievement during his first four years And certainly, many people, myself included, would argue that the two issues are intimately related, that businesses are refusing to hire because they want to see the fallout from Obamacare come first. Moreover, Republicans have been fighting the Democratic urge to socialize medicine since at least the Truman administration. And despite Democrats fighting for this for the better part of half a century, Democrats still didn’t have a consensus to socialize medicine, nor did they really have the votes. But they passed it anyway, adding fuel to the fire of teh Tea Party movement, which helped to usher in the Republican house and nearly the Senate in 2010. So given that, it would seem odd indeed to select Mitt Romney as the Republican nominee in 2012. Romney had implemented a pre-cursor type program in Massachusetts, dubbed Romneycare, and had written in his book (first edition) that he thought it could act as a template for the nation. His current stance, that it was good for Massachusetts but would be bad for the country, rings hollow. What’s worse, perhaps, is that Romney blew what could have been a prime opportunity to rectify this situation when Obamacare was undergoing passage. Had Romney stood up, and said, “Look, I tried this in Massachusetts, and look what it’s done. I learned from my mistake, don’t repeat it.” he could have been a potent voice for stopping Obamacare, and he could have become a hero to the Tea Party folk. But instead, he tried to be “consistent” by removing the passage from his book where he said that Romneycare could be a model for the nation. It’s also important to note that Romney has never held a controversial position in his life. Rather, throughout his political career, he has tries to alter his views, or undergo change of hearts, to develop new positions that would appeal to the group of people whose votes he was trying to get. As a result, he has never held a difficult or controversial position and tried to stick with it. In every debate, Romney always tries to say that his opponents just don’t understand his positions, but he never says “Look, I’m right and you’re wrong and here’s why.” I can’t imagine that this pattern will change during the general election. And it is during the general election when that will matter most. If Erik Erickson is to be believed, Obama is planning to run an election challenging the “moral basis of capitalism”. He is itching to run against Romney because he believes that Romney personifies the cartoon greedy capitalist who steals from the working class. While Romney certainly built companies up, like most private equity players, Romney almost certainly took dividend recaps out of companies only to let them go bankrupt, a practice that is rather widespread today and which infuriates the employees of the companies so raped. Romney seems unlikely to have either the stamina or the ability to defend himself from the planned attack, let alone to defend the entire free enterprise system. For that we will need someone else. Hence, I cannot vote for Romney in the primary. (I will likely not vote for him in the general election either if nominated. This is because the Republican leadership really needs to be taught a lesson, and voting for Romney teaches them that I’m willing to vote for whatever POS candidate they shove in front of me. I’m not, so I won’t.) Newt Gingrich: There will always be a soft spot in the hearts of rank and file Republicans for Newt Gingrich, if only because of the upset he architected in 1994. This is partly why he finds himself at the head of the pack in the Republican primary. The other reason why he finds himself where he is is that Republicans have not had an articulate presidential nominee since 1984, 27 years ago. Let us review:
So in light of that horrible train wreck of nominees, it is understandable why the Republicans should so yearn for somebody who can make the Republican case articulately. Unfortunately, Newt Gingrich’s words do not really mirror his actions. Ron Paul has been running an ad showing Gingrich’s many transgressions, including:
The first point should be an automatic disqualifier for attaining the Republican nomination. The second point is idiotic, but something I could live with. The third and fourth points are his efforts to be welcomed into the cocktail circuit around Washington DC, also something that should be a disqualifier. And finally, despite all his articulate talk, going on to Newt Gingrich’s website reveals very little regarding policy positions. Now I know that all the candidates do this, put up pithy paragraphs instead of real position papers, but Newt’s argument is that he alone has the intellectual heft to carry us through the current crises. Yet his website indicates none of it, leading me to believe that it’s all bluster. The only reason why I’m considering voting for Newt Gingrich is that for some reason, probably stemming from his personality, Newt utterly appalls the Washington establishment. And the thought of forcing them to deal with someone they don’t like brings me great pleasure. So if he is the nominee, I will consider voting for him. But I may still vote Libertarian as I did in 2008. Ron Paul: The appeal of Ron Paul is that he is the original libertarian Republican. Iowan Republicans like him because he’s genuinely pro-choice, and Tea Partiers like him because he understands economics the best of the candidates. The reservation people have with respect to Ron Paul is that his foreign policy is essentially isolationist, and thus unrealistic for a global economic power. I’ve written previously about Ron Paul’s foreign policy views, and I too have reservations regarding them. But there are reasons to overlook them. First, Ron Paul isn’t completely insane. He did vote to authorize action in Afghanistan after 9-11. And one would imagine he wouldn’t hesitate to kill Osama Bin Laden and his ilk either. Second, we’re broke. We really are, and we don’t have the resources to keep invading places. And finally, does anyone doubt that the entire source of our recent foreign policy problems, including 9-11, stems from our decision to invade Kuwait in 1990? We invaded to protect nobody worth protecting, and Saddam Hussein surely would have sold us all the oil we could have ever wanted, and if Saddam had gone in and taken Saudi Arabia as well, we’d likely have been rid of the Wahhabists a long time ago, or at a minimum Osama Bin Laden would have had local issues to contend with, instead of plotting against the United States. After witnessing all the foreign policy blunders of my lifetime, I find it difficult to say that Ron Paul is the dangerous one running for president. And besides which, Ron Paul is 76 years old. He is likely a one term president anyway. if you believe in his economic ideas but dislike his foreign policy, ask yourself, can I live with his foreign policy for just four years? More importantly, ask yourself if the country can survive for four years without Ron Paul’s economic prescriptions. I would wager that it may not. The country will most assuredly survive four years of Ron Paul’s foreign policy. If Ron Paul is the Republican Nominee, I will most assuredly vote for him. Rick Perry: Rick Santorum and Michelle Bachmann: Needless to say, there are no circumstances where I vote for either of these two people to be the next president. Gary Johnson: Johnson has run a terrible campaign, however. He has way overemphasized his stance on legalizing marijuana, and his foreign policy views which are more or less in line with Ron Paul’s. What he should have been saying is this: “Republicans have been searching for a governor who has a real record a reforming a state, and who can bring that experience to Washington. You wanted Mitch Daniels and Chris Christie, but they wouldn’t run. But here I am. I vetoed over 700 bills, I actually shrank headcount in state government in my two terms as governor, and I did it all in a predominantly Democratic state. And when I left office, it was because I was term limited. I’m still well regarded in my home state, and unlike one other governor standing on stage here, if nominated I’ll carry my home state with me.” That would have brought down the house. Oh well. Maybe in 2016. Buddy Roemer: Jon Huntsman: Jon Huntsman won’t be the nominee, but I suppose I’d vote for him if he were, maybe. The Debates: In the future, Republicans need to either insist that all declared candidates be included, or otherwise have a lottery for the low polling candidates to get a slot on the debate stage. But allowing the media to decide who debates and who doesn’t is ceding way too much power to a class of people who are generally hostile to our interests as Republicans. I should hope that this would change in the future. Also, I think we all need to thank Newt Gingrich for holding one on one debates with other candidates. Those debates have been the most informative and best debates we’ve had. I wish each of the candidates had been willing to hold one on ones with each of the other candidates. Hosted on YouTube, those debates would have been far more informative than the group debates we’ve had. Endorsement: I had toyed with the idea of voting for Herman Cain. Cain’s 9-9-9 plan was pretty good, and he seemed to understand that we shouldn’t be assassinating American citizens abroad, and he was the only candidate other than Ron Paul who wanted to roll back the Patriot Act. And as a black man, he had the potential to break the Democratic stranglehold on the black vote in America, without which Democrats would stand no chance for winning on the national stage, and probably in many states as well. But alas, he proved to be ignorant of too many issues and unable to discuss things in an off the cuff way. And he finally succumbed to the smear campaign against him. So it’s Ron Paul for me. Ron Paul has a chance at the nomination this time. So I’m rooting for him to win it. If he doesn’t win it, I’m not sure how I’m going to vote. But more importantly, I’m not sure how bright the outlook for the United States will be either. |
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So Old…My, how time flies… |
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Erotic Polar Bear
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